Introduction to .NET and .NET Architecture

What is .NET?

Microsoft .NET (pronounced “dot net”) is a software component that runs on the Windows operating system. .NET provides tools and libraries that enable developers to create Windows software much faster and easier. .NET benefits end-users by providing applications of higher capability, quality and security. The .NET Framework must be installed on a user’s PC to run .NET applications.

This is how Microsoft describes it: “.NET is the Microsoft Web services strategy to connect information, people, systems, and devices through software. Integrated across the Microsoft platform, .NET technology provides the ability to quickly build, deploy, manage, and use connected, security-enhanced solutions with Web services.

  

What is the .NET architecture?

Microsoft .NET consists of four major components:

• Common Language Specification (CLS) – blue in the diagram below
• Framework Class Library (FCL) – red
• Common Language Runtime (CLR) – green
• .NET Tools – yellow

At the base of the diagram in gray is the operating system, which technically can be any platform but typically is Microsoft Windows 2000 or greater, accessed through the Win32 API (Application Programming Interface).

 

Common Language Specification (CLS)

The CLS is a common platform that integrates code and components from multiple .NET programming languages. In other words, a .NET application can be written in multiple programming languages with no extra work by the developer (though converting code between languages can be tricky).

.NET includes new object-oriented programming languages such as C#, Visual Basic .NET, J# (a Java clone) and Managed C++.

 

Framework Class Library (FCL)

The FCL is a collection of over 7000 classes and data types that enable .NET applications to read and write files, access databases, process XML, display a graphical user interface, draw graphics, use Web services, etc. The FCL wraps much of the massive, complex Win32 API into more simple .NET objects that can be used by C# and other .NET programming languages.

 

Common Language Runtime (CLR)

The CLR is the execution engine for .NET applications and serves as the interface between .NET applications and the operating system. The CLR provides many services such as:

• Loads and executes code
• Converts intermediate language to native machine code
• Separates processes and memory
• Manages memory and objects
• Enforces code and access security
• Handles exceptions
• Interfaces between managed code, COM objects, and DLLs
• Provides type-checking
• Provides code meta data (Reflection)
• Provides profiling, debugging, etc.

 

.NET Tools

Visual Studio .NET is Microsoft’s flagship tool for developing Windows software. Visual Studio provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for developers to create standalone Windows applications, interactive Web sites, Web applications, and Web services running on any platform that supports .NET.

In addition, there are many .NET Framework tools designed to help developers create, configure, deploy, manage and secure .NET applications and components.

Thank You:

Dinesh Wadhwa